Abstract
Background: SARS-COV-2 was transmitted from animals to humans in China and through air transport to almost all countries of the world, including Iran, creating the first pandemic of the 21st century. It is important to find out the transmission routes of this virus among humans and prevention approaches.
Methods: We reviewed the literature on various strategies to prevent coronavirus transmission. The virus was spread through droplets from sneezing, coughing, loud talking, and exhalation of sick and asymptomatic people, even during incubation. It was transmitted from human to human directly by inhalation of virus-laden droplets or indirectly through contact with infected surfaces, resulting in the death of a significant number of patients, especially the elderly and those with underlying diseases. The virus is more likely to be transmitted in places with high population densities.
Results: The chain of transmission of infection can be broken by observing the following rules: risk perception, reduced travel, complete quarantine in a particular area, home quarantine, social distancing, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prevention of gatherings, cleaning and disinfection of public utilities and crowded places, identifying, isolating and treating infected people, tracking calls, continuing health education, following health principles by people, especially in poor areas, and washing hands frequently with soap and water or disinfecting them with 70% ethanol.
Conclusion: We have concluded that the most effective ways to prevent the spread of the virus are to educate the public and encourage strict adherence to government regulations.